Bingung bedakan Descriptive text, Recount text and Narrative text ? Bonus : Examples (Contoh)
BERIKUT PERBEDAAN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT, RECOUNT TEXT DAN NARRATIVE TEXT ?
WITH EXAMPLES (CONTOH)
ENGLISH AND BAHASA INDONESIA
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| Source : mobsea.com |
A. Descriptive text
Meaning: Descriptive text is a text
which say what a person or a thing is like. (teks yang menjelaskan gambaran
seseorang atau benda).
Purpose : To describe and reveal a particular
person, place, or thing (untuk menggambarkan dan mengungkapkan atau
mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri dari benda, orang, hewan , tempat dan lain-lainya).
Generic structure :
o Identification;
identifying the phenomenon to be described. (Mengidentifikasi fenomena atau benda/objek
tertentu yang mau dideskripsikan).
o Description;
describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics. (Berisi
tentang penjelasan / penggambaran tentang sesuatu, baik makhluk hidup ataupun
benda mati, dengan menyebutkan beberapa gambaran, sifat, karakter, atau apapun
yang berhubungan dengan deskripsi sesuatu yang dimaksud).
Language Features :
·
Using attributive and identifying process.
·
Using adjective and classifiers in nominal
group.
·
Using simple present tense.
Examples :
1.
Way
Kambas National Park
Way Kambas National Park is a national park
for elephant sanctuary located in Lampung precisely in the Labuhan Ratu sub
district, East Lampung, Indonesia. Way Kambas National Park, established in
1985, is the first school for elephant in Indonesia. In the beginning of its establishment,
Way Kambas National Park was named the Elephant Training Center / Pusat Latihan
Gajah (PLG), but the last few years this name was changed into Elephant
Conservation Center / Pusat Konservasi Gajah (PKG), which is expected to become
a center for elephant conservation in taming, training, breeding and conserving
elephants. Until now, this PKG has trained for about 300 elephants which have
been deployed to all over the country.
In Way Kambas National Park, there are some
endangered animals such as Sumatran Rhinos, Sumatran elephant, Sumatran tiger,
Mentok Rimba, and Buaya sepit. There are also so some plants which are mostly
found there such as Api-api, Pidada, Nipah, and Pandan. On the marshy coasts of
Way Kambas National Park is often found various species of birds, such as,
Lesser Adjutant, Pheasant Blue, Kuau Raja, Pependang Timur, and some other
birds.
2.
Beras
Basah Beach
Beras basah beach
is located in Beras Basah Island, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The
location of this place is about 220 kilometers from the center of Balikpapan.
Beras basah beach offers beautiful natural scenery along with white sand that
is gentle enough on foot.
It’s clear blue seawater seems teasing anyone who visits to
swim into it. And it is true that in this place, visitors can enjoy swimming or
snorkeling in the underwater beauty. Various types of fish, coral reefs, and
seaweed can be found by the visitor in this place. This area is also very
suitable for you who like photography. The sunrise and sunset view in this
place are interesting enough to be captured.
3.
Pahawang
Island
Pahawang Island is an island located in
Punduh Padada sub district, Pasawaran district, Lampung province. The island is
divided into two; They are Pahawang Besar island and Pahawang Kecil island.
Pahawang island saves a lot of beauty. Beautiful scenery,
hills of green trees, white sand beaches, crystal clear and fresh sea water are
all you can enjoy on the island. It is suitable for those who like snorkelling.
Moreover, in small Pahawang Island there is a natural bridge called Tanjung
Putus. Tanjung Putus connects between the Tanjung Putus island and the Pahawang
Kecil island. Tanjung Putus can only be seen during low tide because when the
tides rise, this natural bridge will be under water. Tanjung Putus region is
also one of the favorite diving spot for the visitors.
Small Pahawang island can be reached
approximately ten minutes from big Pahawang island. Most visitors stay at
Pahawang Big Island because mostly locals live there.
4.
Pink
Beach
Pink Beach or Pantai Merah Muda is one of the
beaches in Komodo island, East Nusa Tenggara. The beach is called Pink Beach
because the sand beach is pink. The pink color of its beach is a mixture of
white sand beach colors mixed with crushed coral, shells, calcium carbonate
from marine invertebrates that are very small, and also Foraminifera,
microscopic amoeba that has a red body shell.
At Pink Beach, there are so many marine
organisms. No fewer than 1,000 species of fish, 260 species of coral, and 70
species of sponge can be found here. Having so much marine life, this place is
a proper spot for snorkeling and diving for sea sports lovers.
5.
Gili
Trawangan
Gili is derived from Sasak language (Lombok
Island native tribal language) which means small island. Actually there are
several Gili / dykes around the island of Lombok, yet there are three dykes
that are known by tourists, namely Gili Trawangan, Gili Air and Gili Meno.
Among the three dykes, the Gili Trawangan is
the largest, well-known and the most complete amenities. Gili Trawangan is
located in the northwest of the island of Lombok. Administratively, Gili
Trawangan includes in the territory of the village of Gili Indah, West Lombok,
West Nusa Tenggara province.
Gili Trawangan has several beaches with very beautiful views.
Most beaches have blue tosca and clear sea water. The sand there is also soft
with white color. On the west side of the island, you can get the beach
atmosphere which is quiet and calm enough. But there, the sand is slightly coarser
than the sand of the beach which is in the southeast of the island. Even
though, this island looks pretty green with many pine trees, acacia, and
coconut trees that beautify the shoreline.
B. Recount text
Meaning
: Recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past.(menceritakan
ulang peristiwa di masa lampau).
Purpose
: To inform or to entertain the audience and reader. (untuk
menginformasikan atau menghibur pendengar dan pembaca).
Generic structure :
·
Orientation: Introducing the participants, place
and time
·
Events: Describing series of event that happened
in the past
·
Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal
comment of the writer to the story.
Language Features :
§
Simple Past Tense
§
Past perfect tense
§
Present perfect tense
§
Past continous
Examples :
1.
The
Battle on Nopember 10, 1945
The
Battle of Surabaya was fought between pro-independence Indonesian soldiers and
militia against British and British Indian troops as a part of the Indonesian
National Revolution.
On 27
October 1945, a British plane from Jakarta dropped leaflets over Surabaya
urging all Indonesian troops and militia to surrender their weapons. The
leaders of the Indonesian troops and militia were angered, seeing it as a
breaking of the agreement reached with Mallaby earlier.
Brigadier
A. W. S. Mallaby, the British brigade commander in Surabaya, was travelling
about Surabaya to spread the news about the new agreement to his troops.
Shortly after that, Mallaby was shot and killed. That made Lieutenant General
Sir Philip Christison was angered .
At
dawn on 10 November, British troops began a methodical advance through the city
under the cover of naval and air bombardment. Fighting was heavy, with British
troops clearing buildings room by room.
The
battle was the heaviest single battle of the revolution and became a national
symbol of Indonesian resistance. Considered a heroic effort by Indonesians, the
battle helped galvanise Indonesian and international support for Indonesian
independence.
It was
a day now commemorated in Indonesia as Heroes’ Day.
2.
Renville
Agreement
The United Nations Security Council brokered
the Renville Agreement in an attempt to rectify the collapsed Linggarjati
Agreement. The agreement was ratified in January 1948 and recognised a
cease-fire along the so-called 'Van Mook line'; an artificial line which
connected the most advanced Dutch positions. Many Republican positions,
however, were still held behind the Dutch lines. The agreement also required
referenda to be held on the political future of the Dutch held areas. The
apparent reasonableness of Republicans garnered much important American
goodwill.
Diplomatic efforts between the Netherlands
and the Republic continued throughout 1948 and 1949. Political pressures, both
domestic and international, hindered Dutch attempts to decide upon objectives.
Similarly, Republican leaders faced great difficulty in persuading their people
to accept diplomatic concessions. By July 1948 negotiations were in deadlock
and the Netherlands pushed unilaterally towards Van Mook’s federal Indonesia
concept. The new federal states of South Sumatra and East Java were created,
although neither had a viable support base. The Netherlands set up the
Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg (BFO) (or Federal Consultative Assembly), a
body comprising the leadership of the federal states, and charged with the
formation of a United States of Indonesia and an interim government by the end
of 1948. The Dutch plans, however, had no place for the Republic unless it
accepted a minor role already defined for it. Later plans included Java and
Sumatra but dropped all mention of the Republic. The main sticking point in the
negotiations was the balance of power between the Netherlands High
Representative and the Republican forces.
Mutual distrust between the Netherlands and
the Republic hindered negotiations. The Republic feared a second major Dutch
offensive, while the Dutch objected to continued Republican activity on the
Dutch side of the Renville line. In February 1948 the Siliwangi Division
(35,000 men) of the Republican Army, led by Nasution, marched from West Java to
Central Java; the relocation was intended to ease internal Republican tensions
involving the Division in the Surakarta area. The Battalion[clarification
needed], however, clashed with Dutch troops while crossing Mount Slamet, and
the Dutch believed it was part of a systematic troop movement across the
Renville Line. The fear of such incursions actually succeeding, along with
apparent Republican undermining of the Dutch-established Pasundan state and
negative reports, led to the Dutch leadership increasingly seeing itself as
losing control.
3.
Operation
Product
At
midnight on 20 July 1947, the Dutch launched a major military offensive called
Operatie Product, with the intent of conquering the Republic. Claiming
violations of the Linggajati Agreement, the Dutch described the campaign as
politionele acties ("police actions") to restore law and order. This
used to be the task of the KNIL. However, at the time the majority of the Dutch
troops in Indonesia belonged to the Royal Netherlands Army. Soon after the end
of World War II, 25,000 volunteers (among them 5,000 marines) had been sent
overseas. They were later followed by larger numbers of conscripts from the
Netherlands. In the offensive, Dutch forces drove Republican troops out of
parts of Sumatra, and East and West Java. The Republicans were confined to the
Yogyakarta region of Java. To maintain their force in Java, now numbering
100,000 troops, the Dutch gained control of lucrative Sumatran plantations, and
oil and coal installations, and in Java, control of all deep water ports.
International
reaction to the Dutch actions was negative. Neighbouring Australia and newly
independent India were particularly active in supporting the Republic's cause
in the UN, as was the Soviet Union and, most significantly, the United States.
Dutch ships continued to be boycotted from loading and unloading by Australian
waterside workers, a blockade that began in September 1945. The United Nations
Security Council became directly involved in the conflict, establishing a Good
Offices Committee to sponsor further negotiations, making the Dutch diplomatic
position particularly difficult. A ceasefire, called for by UNSC resolution 27,
was ordered by the Dutch and Sukarno on 4 August 1947. During the military
action, on 9 December 1947 Dutch troops killed many civilians in the village of
Rawagede (now Balongsari in Karawang, West Java).
4.
The
proclamation of Indonesian independence
The
proclamation of Indonesian independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, 17
August 1945. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed
resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces
of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially
acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. In 2005, the Netherlands
declared that they had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as Indonesia's
independence date. In a 2013 interview the Indonesian historian Sukotjo,
amongst others, asked the Dutch government to formally acknowledge the date of
independence as 17 August 1945. The United Nations, who mediated in the
conflict, formally acknowledge the date of independence as 27 December 1949.
The
document was signed by Sukarno (who signed his name "Soekarno" using
the older Dutch orthography) and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president
and vice-president respectively the following day.
The
draft was prepared only a few hours earlier, on the night of 16 August, by
Sukarno, Hatta, and Soebardjo, at Rear-Admiral Maeda (Minoru) Tadashi's house,
Miyako-Doori 1, Jakarta (now the "Museum of the Declaration of
Independence", JL. Imam Bonjol I, Jakarta). The original Indonesian
Declaration of Independence was typed by Sayuti Melik. Maeda himself was
sleeping in his room upstairs. He was agreeable to the idea of Indonesia's
independence, and had lent his house for the drafting of the declaration. Marshal
Terauchi, the highest-ranking Japanese leader in South East Asia and son of
Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake, was however against Indonesia's independence,
scheduled for 24 August.
While
the formal preparation of the declaration, and the official independence itself
for that matter, had been carefully planned a few months earlier, the actual
declaration date was brought forward almost inadvertently as a consequence of
the Japanese unconditional surrender to the Allies on 15 August following the
Nagasaki atomic bombing. The historic event was triggered by a plot, led by a
few more radical youth activists such as Adam Malik and Chairul Saleh, that put
pressure on Sukarno and Hatta to proclaim independence immediately. The
declaration was to be signed by the 27 members of the Preparatory Committee for
Indonesian Independence (PPKI) symbolically representing the new nation's
diversity. The particular act was apparently inspired by a similar spirit of
the United States Declaration of Independence. However, the idea was heavily
turned down by the radical activists mentioned earlier, arguing that the
committee was too closely associated with then soon to be defunct Japanese
occupation rule, thus creating a potential credibility issue. Instead, the
radical activists demanded that the signatures of six of them were to be put on
the document. All parties involved in the historical moment finally agreed on a
compromise solution which only included Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta as the
co-signers in the name of the nation of Indonesia.
Sukarno
had initially wanted the declaration to be read at Ikada Plain, the large open
field in the centre of Jakarta, but due to unfounded widespread apprehension
over the possibility of Japanese sabotage, the venue was changed to Sukarno's
house at Pegangsaan Timur 56. There was no concrete evidence for the growing
suspicions, as the Japanese had already surrendered to the Allies, The
declaration of independence passed without a hitch.
The
proclamation at 56, Jalan Pegangsaan Timur, Jakarta, was heard throughout the
country because the text was secretly broadcast by Indonesian radio personnel
using the transmitters of the JAKARTA Hoso Kyoku radio station. An English
translation of the proclamation was broadcast overseas.
5.
Installing
the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration
With British assistance, the Dutch landed
their Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) forces in Jakarta and
other key centres. Republican sources reported 8,000 deaths up to January 1946
in the defence of Jakarta, but they could not hold the city. The Republican
leadership thus established themselves in the city of Yogyakarta with the
crucial support of the new sultan, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX. Yogyakarta
went on to play a leading role in the revolution, which would result in the
city being granted its own Special Territory status. In Bogor, near Jakarta,
and in Balikpapan in Kalimantan, Republican officials were imprisoned. In
preparation for the Dutch occupation of Sumatra, its largest cities, Palembang and
Medan, were bombed. In December 1946, Special Forces Depot (DST), led by
commando and counter-insurgency expert Captain Raymond "Turk"
Westerling, were accused of pacifying the southern Sulawesi region using
arbitrary terror techniques, which were copied by other anti-Republicans. As
many as 3,000 Republican militia and their supporters were killed in a few
weeks.
On Java and
Sumatra, the Dutch found military success in cities and major towns, but they
were unable to subdue the villages and countryside. On the outer islands
(including Bali), Republican sentiment was not as strong, at least among the
elite. They were consequently occupied by the Dutch with comparative ease, and
autonomous states were set up by the Dutch. The largest, the State of East Indonesia
(NIT), encompassed most of eastern Indonesia, and was established in December
1946, with its administrative capital in Makassar.
C.
Narrative
text
Meaning
: Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it
tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of
narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate
the narrative through a process narration.
Purpose : To
amuse or to entertain reader with a story.
Generic Structures :
Ø
Orientation : where and when the story happened
and introduces the participants of the story: who and what is involved in the
story.
Ø
Complication :Tells the beginning of the
problems which leads to the crisis (climax) of the main participants.
Ø
Resolution :The problem (the crisis) is
resolved, either in a happy ending or in a sad (tragic) ending
Ø
Re-orientation/Coda : This is a closing remark
to the story and it is optional. It consists
of a moral
lesson, advice or
teaching from the writer.
Language
Features : Using the simple past tense, past perfect, past continous, past
perfect continous & past future continous.
Examples :
1.
The
Legend of Rawa Pening
Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a
little village. He was very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked
for some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little
boy.
Finally, a generous woman helped him. She
gave him shelter and a meal. When the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave
him a lesung;, a big wooden mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, please
remember, if there is a flood you must save yourself.
Use this lesung; as a boat;. The lesung; was
happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy continued his journey. While he
was passing through the village, he saw many people gathering on the field. The
boy came closer and saw a stick stuck in the ground. People challenged each
other to pull out that stick. Everybody tried, but nobody succeeded. Can I
try?; asked the little boy. The crowd laughed mockingly. The boy wanted to try
his luck so he stepped forward and pulled out the stick. He could do it very
easily. Everybody was dumbfounded.
Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water
spouted out. It did not stop until it flooded the village. And no one was saved
from the water except the little boy and the generous old woman who gave him
shelter and meal. As she told him, he used the lesung; as a boat and picked up
the old woman. The whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa
Pening Lake in Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia.
2.
The
Legend Of Prambanan Temple
Once, there was a beautiful Javanese princess
whose name was Rara Jonggrang. Rara Jonggrang whose beauty was very famous in
the land was the daughter of Prabu Baka, and evil king.
One day, a handsome young man with super
natural power named Bandung Bondowoso defatted and killed Prabu Baka. On seeing
Princess Rara Jonggrang’s beauty, Bandung Bondowoso fell in love wither and
wantted to marry her.
Meanwhile, Princess Rara jonggrang felt sad
due to her death father. She did not want to marry Bandung because he had
killed her father. But she was also afraid of Bandung. So to refuse politely,
she made a condition. “I will marry you but you have to build one thousand
temples in one night as a wedding gift” requested Rara Jonggrang. Bandung
Bondowoso agreed with the condition. Helped by the spirit of the demons,
Bandung Bondowoso started building the temples. Approaching midnight, the work
would nearly be done. Rara Jonggrang knew and thought, “What shall I do? Bandung
Bondowoso is smarter than me. I would lose against Bandung.”
Suddenly she got an idea. She woke up all the
women in the palace and ordered them to make the noisy sounds of grinding rice
so that the rooster thought at had already been dawn. Bandung Bondowoso got
frustrated because he failed completing the thousandth temple.
“The Princess has deceived me!” Following his
anger, he cursed Roro Jonggrang, “You have been cheated. Now, the thousandth
temple is you!”
At once, the Princess turned into a statue.
knowing this, Bandung Bondowoso regretted and he went away into a farm land. From
then people called the temple Prambanan Temple and the Princess statue Rara
Jonggrang statue.
3.
The
Legend of Tangkuban Perahu Mountain
Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy
family. They were a father in form of dog,his name is Tumang, a mother which
was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go
hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began
desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his
own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.
Soon
Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang’s, his own dog.
So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang’s head. In that incident,
Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.
Sangkuriang had travel many places and
finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with
her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the
wound in Sangkuriang’s head. It matched to her son’s wound who had left
severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own
son.
She couldn’t marry him but how to say it.
Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their
wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a
dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to
stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made
the cock crowed for a new day.
4.
The
Legend of Kesodo Feast in Mount Bromo
Hundreds years ago, the last king of
Majapahit had a young princess from one of his wives. The princess was named
Roro Anteng. Later, Roro Anteng married Joko Seger, who came from Brahman
caste.
Because of unfortunate situation the couple was forced to
leave the kingdom. They settled in the mountain area. They ruled the area and
named it Tengger, which was derived from their names, Roro Anteng and Joko
Seger.
After several years of reign, the region
flourished in prosperity, but Roro Anteng and Joko Seger were sad because they
did not have a child. They climbed the top of mountain and prayed there night
and day hoping that the God would listen. The prayer was heard and Betoro Bromo
promised to give them many children. However, they had to promise that they
would sacrifice their youngest child in return.
Roro Anteng
gave birth to a child, then another and another. In the end, Roro Anteng
and Joko Seger had 25 children. Soon it was time to sacrifice the youngest
child , Kusuma, but the parents could not do it. They tried to hide him, but an
eruption happened and Kusuma fell into the crater. There was silence before
they heard a voice. “I have to be sacrificed so that you will all stay alive.
From now on, you should arrange an annual offering ceremony on the 14th of
Kesodo (the twelfth month of Tengerese calendar)”. It was Kusuma’s voice.
Kusuma’s brothers and sisters held the offering ceremony every year. Instead of
human being, they collected fruits, vegetables, rice, and meat to be off to the
Gods. And this has been done generation after generation until today.
5.
The
legend of Lau Kawar Lake
It was a beautiful day. Everybody in the
Kawar village was happy. The farmers had just had their best harvest. The
villagers were planning to hold a party to celebrate the good harvest. On one
beautiful day, all the villagers gathered in a field. They wore beautiful
dresses and made delicious food. Everybody was having good times! They were
singing, laughing and, of course, eating delicious food.
Did everyone go to the party? Unfortunately,
there was one old woman still staying at her house. She was too old and weak to
go to the party. Her son, her daughter-in-law, and her grandchildren all went
to the party. At home, the old woman felt very sad and lonely. She was very
hungry too. She tried to find some food in the kitchen, but she was very
disappointed. Her daughter-in-law did not cook that day. At the party, the son
asked her wife, “Why don’t you take some food from the party and give it to my
mom? Ask our son to deliver it.” Then the little boy brought the food to her
grandmother. The old woman was so happy. But her happiness turned into sadness
when she saw the food was not in a good condition. It seemed that someone had
eaten the food. She just got little rice and fish bones.
The old woman was very sad. She thought bad things about her
son. The old woman did not know that it was her grandson who had eaten the food
on the way from the party to the house. She cursed her son. Then, a terrible
thing happened. There was a great earthquake! Thunders struck the village. And
heavy rains started to fall. All the villagers were so scared. They wanted to
save themselves. They tried to find shelters. Slowly, the field turned into a
lake. The lake was getting bigger and bigger, and finally the whole village
turned into a big lake. People then named the lake Lau Kawar.
Mohon melampirkan blog ini bila dicopy untuk pembelajaran bersama
Terima Kasih
Love yourself :)
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